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Abstract of the New Book ¡§Love and Faith¡¨

Yang, Hui-Nan

Professor of Philosophy, National Taiwan University

 

ABSTRACT:

The book Love and Faith deals primarily with three parts: 1) research on the Taiwan gay clubs T¡¦ung-fan Association and Fan-chih Garden; 2) making several appeals to Taiwan¡¦s lesbians; and 3) calling for the establishment of a deep ecology unique to Taiwan Buddhism.

As for the first part, the two phrases ¡§all sentient creatures have Buddha nature¡¨ and ¡§all sentient creatures are equal¡¨ from sutras are seen to have both a positive and negative affect on the equal rights movement of Taiwan¡¦s gay Buddhists. The positive influence is that it assists Taiwan¡¦s gay Buddhists in acquiring their rights to be Buddhist faithful, become monks, and achieve Buddhahood. The negative affect is that it impedes Taiwan¡¦s gay Buddhists from ¡§coming out of the closet¡¨ (letting their friends and family know about their sexual orientation) and also becomes an obstacle in the effort to establish a monastery or center specifically for gay Buddhists.

The second part mainly calls for Taiwan¡¦s Buddhist lesbians to stand up and ¡§come out of the closet¡¨. It also appeals to Taiwan¡¦s Buddhist lesbians to create a ¡§lesbian subjective discourse¡¨ based on the sutra notion of ¡§pratitya-samutpada¡¨. It further calls for the establishment of homosexual status not completely like the innate genetic cause espoused in the ¡§radical lesbian movement,¡¨ nor fully compatible with the idea of acquired social conditioning theory of post-modernists (such as Michel Foucault). Rather, it is a combination of ¡§karma¡¨ from past lives and social, family, and educational conditions in the present life. In addition, the second part appeals to Taiwan¡¦s Buddhist lesbians to create an ¡§eco-feminism¡¨ unique to women on the basis of ¡§deep ecology¡¨.

The third part points out some theoretical predicaments in considering deep ecology and proceeds to establish deep ecology on the religious doctrine of ¡§pratitya-samutpada¡¨ to avoid them. The last chapter of the book is a discussion of the potential ecological disaster from ¡§globalization¡¨ and the path that Buddhism should take in response.

Key words: Gay, Tung-fan Association, Fan-chih Garden, lesbian, deep ecology, eco-feminism, globalization, subjective discourse, pratitya-samutpada. 

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2001¡]¦Aª©3¨ê¡^¡q¤k¦P§Ó²z½×¡r¡A¦¬¿ý©ó¡GÅU¿P²Þ¡]½s¡^¡m¤k©Ê¥D¸q²z½×»P¬y¬£¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤k®Ñ¤å¤Æ¤½¥q¡A¡C

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2001¡qµ£±ëºëªÙ¡D±ë§Ó¶é¬ã¨s¡r¡A¦¬Âéó¡G¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|ªÀ·|¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡u¥xÆW·í¥N·s¿³©v±Ð¤Î¨ä¬ÛÃö²{¶H¤§¬ã¨s¡v¤p²Õ¤Î¥xÆW¤j¾Ç­õ¾Ç¨t·¨´f«n¬ã¨s«Ç¡A¨Ã±i¶K©ó¡G¥xÆW¤j¾Çº[ªk¹ª¤s¤¤µØ¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s©Ò¡u¦ò±Ð¼Æ¦ì¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤Î³Õª«À]¡v¡]http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw¡^/¡u¥xÆW¦ò±Ð/·í¥N¥xÆW¡þµ£±ëºëªÙ¡E±ë§Ó¶é¡v¡C

ÅU¿P²Þ

2001¡q¥ÍºA¤k©Ê¥D¸q¡r¡A¦¬¿ý©ó¡GÅU¿P²Þ¡]½s¡^¡m¤k©Ê¥D¸q²z½×»P¬y¬£¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤k®Ñ¤å¤Æ¤½¥q¡A¦Aª©3¨ê¡A­¶269-295¡C

Foucault, Michel

1980¡§Poower and Strategies ¡¨, in Colin Gordon¡]ed. and tr.¡^: Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and other Writings 1972-1977, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Macy, Joanna

1990 ¡§The Greening of the self¡¨, in Allen Hunt Badiner ¡]ed.¡^: Dharma Gaia: A Harvest of Essays in Buddhism and Ecology, Berkeley: Parallax Press.

Naess, Arne

1973 "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movements: A Summary", in Inquiry 16 ¡]oslo, 1973¡^, pp. 95-100.

1994 ¡§The Deep Ecological Movement¡¨, in George Sessions¡]ed.¡^: Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century, Shambhala Pub., Inc., 1994.

1995¡§The Deep Ecological Movement¡¨, in Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century, Shambhala Pub.

1988 "Self Realization: An Ecological Approach to Being in the World," in John Seed, Joanna Macy, Pat Fleming, Arne Naess: Thinking Like a Mountain: Toward a Council of All Beings, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1988.

Plumwood, Van

1944 ¡§Nature, Self and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosopy and the Critique of Rationalism¡¨, in Donald Van Deveer ¡® Christine Pierce ¡]ed.¡^: Environmental Ethics and Policy Book, California: Belmont.


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[20]  ³o¤@°²³]¡A¥D­n¬O¨Ì¾Ú¬ü°ê¦L²Ä¦w¤j¾Ç¡]Indiana University¡^°Êª«¾Ç±Ð±Â¢w¢wªü¥±¹p¼wª÷ÁÉ¡]Alfred Kinsey¡^©ÒµÛ¡m¤HÃþ¨k©Ê©Ê¦æ¬°¡n¡]Sexual Behavior in the Human Male¡^©M¡m¤HÃþ¤k©Ê©Ê¦æ¬°¡n¡]Sexual Behavior in the Human Female¡^¤G®Ñ·í¤¤ªº²Î­pµ²½×¡C¨Ì¾Ú³o¤@¬ã¨s¡A¡]¬ü°ê¡^¨k©Ê·í¤¤¡A¦@¦³5¢M¨ì10¢Mªº¨k©Ê¡A»{¬°¦Û¤v¬O½T©wªº¦P©ÊÅʪ̡F25¢M¨k¤H»{¬°¦Û¤v¬O°¸µo©Êªº¦P©ÊÅʪ̡F37¢Mªº¨k©Ê¡A¦b«C¤Ö¦~¦Ü¦Ñ¦~´Á¶¡¡A¦³¹L¦P©Ê©Ê¦æ¬°¡C¦Ó¦b¤k©Ê¤è­±¡A«h¦³28¢M¦b45·³¥H«e¡A´¿¹ï¨ä¥L¤k©Ê¦³¹L©Ê¤ÏÀ³¡F19¢Mªº¤k¤H¡A¦b40·³¥H«e¦³¹L¬YºØµ{«×ªº¦P©Ê©Ê±µÄ²¡C¡]Kinsey et al. 1948: 638¡ã41, 650¡ã51; Kinsey et. al. 1953.¡^±qª÷Áɪº³o¤@¬ã¨sµo²{¡A¤k©Êªº¦P©ÊÅʤH¤f¤ñ¨Ò¡A¾¨ºÞ»P¨k©Ê²¤¦³®t²§¡A¦ý¤´¦³¥iÆ[ªº¼Æ¦r¡C

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[28]  ·~¡]karma¡^¡A­ì«ü¥Í©R­ÓÅ骺µ½¡B´c¦æ¬°¡F¦ý¦b¦ò¨å¤¤¡A¯S«ü­ÓÅéµ½¡B´c¦æ¬°©Ò¯d¤Uªº¤@ºØµL§Îªº¼ç¦b¶Õ¤O¡]¦]¦¹¤SĶ¬°¡u·~¤O¡v¡^¡A¥i¥H«O¯d¨ì¨Ó¥@¡AµM«á¦A¥Í°_§@¥Î¢w¢w­W©Î¼ÖªºªG³ø¡C

[29]  µ§ªÌ´¿³X°Ýµ£±ëºëªÙ¡E±ë§Ó¶éªº¤@¨Ç»OÆW¦P§Ó¦ò±Ð®{¡A¨ä¤¤¦³³\¦h¬O§â¥Í¬°¦P§Óªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¸ÑÄÀ¬°«e¥@©Ò³y´c·~¡A¨Ã¦]¦Ó³´©ó¦Û³dªº¸o´c·P·í¤¤¡C¨ä¤¤¡A±ë§Ó¶éª©¥DDorje¥ý¥Í§Y¬°¤@¨Ò¡C±ë§Ó¶é¦¨¥ß¤£¤[¡ADorje´¿¥Î¡uªì¦æ¶­¡vªº¦W¦r¡A¦b¤@­Ó«D¦P§Óªº¦ò±Ðºô¯¸¢w¢w¨ºÄêªû½×¾Â¡A¥H¡u·~»Ù¡v¡B¡uµh­W²`²W¡v¡B¡u´Á«Ý§A­Ì´©¤â¡vµ¥¦rµü¯d¨¥¡C·íDorje±µ¨üµ§ªÌªº³X°Ý®É¡AÁöµM¤£¦A»{¬°¥Í¬°¦P§Ó¬O¡u·~»Ù¡v¡A¦ý¥LÓý¤´µM»{¬°¨º¬O¡u·~¡v¡AÁöµM¤£¬O¡u»Ù¡v¡C¡]¡q±ë§Ó¶é¯¸ªøDorje¥ý¥Í³X°Ý°O¡r¡G211¡ã214¡^¥t¥~¡AÁ٭ȱoª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦bµ§ªÌ©Ò¦^¦¬ªº23¥÷°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d·í¤¤¡Aµ£±ëºëªÙ¡E±ë§Ó¶éªº¨k¦P§Ó¡A¦^µª¦P§Ó¦æ¬°¬O¡u·~»Ù¡vªº¥u¦³1¤H¡F¦^µª¤£¬O¡u·~»Ù¡vªº¡A«h¦h¦Ü12¤H¡F¦^µª¡u¥i¯à¡v¬O·~»Ùªº¦³1¤H¡F¨ä¾l6¤H«h¥¼¦^µª¡C³o¦ü¥GÅã¥Ü¥xÆW¨k¦P§Ó¦ò±Ð®{¡A¹ï©ó¦Û¤vªº¦P§Ó¦æ¬°©ê«ùµÛ¡]ÁöµM¬O«e¥@¡u·~¡v¡A¦ý«o¡^¤£¬O¡u»Ù¡vªº¬Ýªk¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥L­Ì©Ò¿×ªº¤£¬O¡u»Ù¡v¡A«üªº¬O¤£»Ùê«H¦ò¡B¥X®a©Î­×¦æ¡A¨Ã¤£¬O«ü¤£»Ùê¤é±`ªº·P±¡©Î¥Í¬¡¡C¡]·¨´f«n2000¡A2002[1]¡^¦]¦¹¡AÃþ¦üDorje¨º¼Ëªº·Ð´o¡A¦b¥xÆWªº¨k¦P§Ó¦ò±Ð®{ªº¤ß¤¤¡A¤´µM¬O¤£¥iÁקKªº¡C

[30]  ¦L¶¶¾É®vªº³\¦h§@«~ùØ¡A¤@¦Aĵ§i³Q¥L§PÄÝ¡u¯u±`°ß¤ß¨t¡vªº¡u¯u¦p¥»¤ß¡v¡]¯u±`°ß¤ß¡^»¡¡A¤D¹p¦P©ó±ë§Ú½×ªº«ä·Q¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¾É®v¦b¡m¦L«×¤§¦ò±Ð¡n²Ä1³¹¡A§Y»¡¡G¡u¦¹¯u±`²b¤ß¡A©ö»P±Cùªù¤§±ë§Ú¬ÛÂø¡A¦Ó¨ä®É¡]«ü¡u¤C¥@¬ö¦Ü¤d¦~³¼¡v¡^¤S¾A¬°±Cùªù¢w¢w¦L«×±Ð´_¿³¡A±ë§Ú½×¤j¦¨¤§¥@¡A¦òªûº¥»P±ë¤Ñ¦P¤Æ¨o¡C¡v¡]¦L¶¶1985¡G7¡^¦A¦p¡A¾É®v¦b¡m¦p¨ÓÂ䧬ã¨s¡n·í¤¤ÁÙ»¡¡G¡u¡m¯Iºn¸g¡n¡qªì¤À¡r©Ò»¡ªº§Ú¡A°£¦òªG±`¼Ö§Ú²bªº§Ú¥H¥~¡AµÛ­«¦b²³¥Í¦ì¤¤ªº¯u¦p¡C¡m¥¡±¸Å]ù¸g¡n¤]¤@¦A»¡¡y¦p¨ÓÂçڡz¡C³o¤G³¡¸g¡A»P¡m¦p¨ÓÂøg¡n©Ò»¡ªº¦p¨ÓÂáB¦ò©Ê¡A´I¦³¯«§Úªº¦âªö¡C¡v¡]¦L¶¶1981¡G179¡^¤S¦p¡A¡m·«¦÷ªü¶[¦hùÄ_¸g¡n¨÷4´¿»¡¡G¡u¦p¨Ó¤§ÂìOµ½¤£µ½¦]¡A¯à¹M¿³³y¤@¤Á½ì¥Í¡AÄ´¦pÉ«¨àÅܲ{½Ñ½ì¡C¡v¡]¡m¤j¥¿Âán16¡G510b¡^¦Ó¾É®v¹ï³o´X¥y¸g¤å¡A«h¦³³o¼Ëªºµû½×¡G¡uªñ©ó¥~¹D¯«§Ú»¡¡C¡v¡]¦L¶¶1981¡G247¡^³o¨Ç¬q¸¨³£»¡©ú¡A¦L¶¶¾É®v½T¹ê§â»P¡u¯u¦p¥»¤ß¡v¦P¸qªº¡u¯u±`²b¤ß¡v¡B¡u¦p¨ÓÂáv¡Aµø¬°©M±Cùªù¥~¹D©Ò»¡ªº¡u¯«§Ú¡v¡]±ë§Ú¡^¬Ûªñ¡C¦ÓªL´Â¦¨2002[1]¡AÁöµM¤£¬O°w¹ï¡u¯u¦p¥»¤ß¡v¦Ó´£¥X§åµû¡A¦ý¹ï©ó²`¼h¥ÍºA¾Ç¥i¯à¾É­P±ë§Ú½×¡A¤]´£¥X¤Fĵ§i¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡AÄÄ´­¡u¯u¦p¥»¤ß¡vªº¦L«×¸g½×¡A¤]·NÃѨì³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¦s¦b©MÄY­«©Ê¡A¦]¦¹¦Ó´£¥X¤F¼á²M¡C¡m·«¦÷ªü¶[¦hùÄ_¸g¡n¨÷1¡A§Y»¡¡G¡u§Ú»¡¦p¨ÓÂáA¤£¦P¥~¹D©Ò»¡¤§§Ú¡C¡K¡K¦³®É»¡ªÅ¡BµL¬Û¡BµLÄ@¡B¦p¡B¹ê»Ú¡Bªk©Ê¡Bªk¨­¡B¯I½L¡BÂ÷¡B¦Û©Ê¡B¤£¥Í¤£·À¡B¥»¨Ó±IÀR¡B¦Û©Ê¯I½L¡C¦p¬Oµ¥¥y¡A»¡¦p¨ÓÂäw¡A¦p¨ÓÀ³¨Ñµ¥¥¿Ä±¡A¬°Â_·M¤Ò¬ÈµL§Ú¥y¡A¬G»¡Â÷¦k·Q¡BµL©Ò¦³¹Ò¬É¦p¨ÓÂêù¡C¡K¡K¥H¬O¦]½t¡A¬G»¡¦p¨ÓÂ䣦P¥~¹D©Ò»¡¤§§Ú¡C¡v¡]¡m¤j¥¿Âán16¡G489b¡^

[31]  ¦³Ãö§O´ç©M´¶´çªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¨£¡G·¨´f«n¡q¥xÆW¦ò±Ð²{¥N¤Æªº¬Ù«ä¡r¡F¦¬¿ý©ó¡G¦¿ÀéÄË¡BÅÇÄPµ{½s¡q¥xÆW¦ò±Ðªº¾ú¥v»P¤å¤Æ¡r¡A¥x¥_¡GÆFøl¤s¯ë­Y¤å±Ð°òª÷·|°ê»Ú¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¡A1994¡A­¶279¡ã292¡C

[32]  Cf. Arne Naess: ¡§The Deep Ecological Movement¡¨, in Deep Ecology for the Twenty¡ãFirst Century, Shambhala Pub., 1995, pp.64¡ã68.

[33]  Cf. Joanna Macy: ¡§The Greening of the self¡¨, in Allen Hunt Badiner ¡]ed.¡^: Dharma Gaia: A Harvest of Essays in Buddhism and Ecology, Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1990, p.62.

[34]  Van Plumwood: ¡§Nature, Self and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosopy and the Critique of Rationalism¡¨, in Donald Van Deveer ¡® Christine Pierce ¡]ed.¡^: Environmental Ethics and Policy Book, Belmont, California, 1944, pp.251¡ã266.

[35]  ªL´Â¦¨2002[1]¡C

[36]  ¤j«e¬ã¤@µÛ¡B§õ©{»TĶ¡m¥Á±Ú°ê®aªº²×µ²¡G°Ï°ì¸gÀÙªº¿³°_¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¥ßºü¤å¤Æ¤½¥q¡A1990¡]ªìª©4¨ê¡^¡A­¶57¡C

[37]  ¦P«e®Ñ¡A­¶18¡C

[38]  ¨Ò¦p¡A­^°ê¥ª¬£¬FÄÒ´£¥X¡u²Ä¤T±ø¸ô¡v¡]The Third Way¡^ªº·sºc·Q¡F¼w°êÁ`²z¬I¬¥¼w¡]Gerhard Schroeder¡^´£¥X¡u·s¤¤¶¡¡v¡]Die Neue Mitte¡^¸ô½uªº¥D±i¡A³£¬O¸Õ¹Ï¦b¸ê¥»¥D¸q©MªÀ·|¥D¸q¤§¶¡¡A´M§ä¤@±ø¥i¦æªº¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦¡C

[39]  Thomas L. Friedman µÛ¡B½²Ä~¥ú¡E§õ®¶©÷¡EÀN¹F¤åĶ¡m¤F¸Ñ¥þ²y¤Æ¢w¢w­â§Ó¨T¨®»P¾ñÆV¾ð¡n¡A­¶337¡C

[40]  ¦ò±Ð¥Nªí¬O¨Ó¦Û¤é¥»¨Ê³£ªºªü³¡¥¿¶¯¡]Masao Abe¡^¡C¡]¸Ô¡G¤Õº~«ä¡þ®w³·º¸µÛ¡B¦óÄRÁøĶ¡m¥þ²y­Û²z¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤¤µØ¥Á°ê©v±Ð»P©M¥­¨ó¶i·|¡A1996¡A­¶38¡C¡^

[41]  ¤Õº~«ä¡þ®w³·º¸µÛ¡B¦óÄRÁøĶ¡m¥þ²y­Û²z¡n¡A­¶23¡C

[42]  ¥H¤W´²¨£«e®Ñ¡C

[43]  ­×°¨§JµÛ¡B§õµØ®LĶ¡m¤p§Y¬O¬ü¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¥ßºü¤å¤Æ¤½¥q¡A2000¡A­¶183¡C

[44]  ¦P«e®Ñ¡A­¶54¡C

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